[videoOut] add minimal Vulkan swapchain presenter

2026-07-16 00:40:59 +00:00 · 2026-06-14 12:12:09 +03:00
parent 7bd1e8dc29
commit 5d204afd10
7 changed files with 1021 additions and 6 deletions
--- a/Directory.Packages.props
+++ b/Directory.Packages.props
@@ -9,5 +9,8 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageVersion Include="Iced" Version="1.21.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" Version="2.23.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" Version="2.23.0" />
+    <PackageVersion Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" Version="2.23.0" />
  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
--- a/src/SharpEmu.CLI/packages.lock.json
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.CLI/packages.lock.json
@@ -8,6 +8,62 @@
        "resolved": "10.0.3",
        "contentHash": "0B6nZyCHWXnvmlB559oduOspVdNOnpNXPjhpWVMovLPAsDVG7A4jJR9rzECf67JUzxP8/ee/wA8clwIzJcWNFA=="
      },
+      "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.1.6",
+        "contentHash": "jek4XYaQ/PGUwDKKhwR8K47Uh1189PFzMeLqO83mXrXQVIpARZCcfuDedH50YDTepBkfijCZN5U/vZi++erxtg=="
+      },
+      "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "9.0.9",
+        "contentHash": "fNGvKct2De8ghm0Bpfq0iWthtzIWabgOTi+gJhNOPhNJIowXNEUE2eZNW/zNCzrHVA3PXg2yZ+3cWZndC2IqYA=="
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Core": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "D7AT/nnwlB+4RZ84XY8QNGBZMJI5z9l4CSSETIJ1wCfRJzRt/341y3MRZ4HbnFz4r/IGaWOEZr86iE+0/65yyQ==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": "3.1.6",
+          "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": "9.0.9"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "UIs4sH57xlPUNHQ/1bt9rymPWlGy8IMDCNv86h0iM4TOA1CkIx0XM/n/tA4AReh1zQkNrvkxPEdZ3Blvy1dyXg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Ultz.Native.GLFW": "3.4.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Maths": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "r8PdIVzME8EH0qAgbmRPO87I4GfgR2j8TofT7EMuRJDf1QluoQwnVypDoFJjQ2ZBSRsGYk5unYxxogI05Ogsmw=="
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "ThStSinmY9KQI8DGiF5XEhkLJVnBcgRTBTzL9ijg1wMZAYuckz7ykrNw04fjRm2Gryh6tCNGbvz2XaY0efeFzg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Maths": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "aYBudKmENmvLRn9p15HbdvlQTnnXskcDfTfbYwSb/4fr263rGLwYuDw/txUEc2jihHJiWCp5+75Y7z5wTJWl7g==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.GLFW": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      },
      "sharpemu.core": {
        "type": "Project",
        "dependencies": {
@@ -23,7 +79,10 @@
      "sharpemu.libs": {
        "type": "Project",
        "dependencies": {
-          "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )"
+          "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing": "[2.23.0, )"
        }
      },
      "sharpemu.logging": {
@@ -34,10 +93,57 @@
        "requested": "[1.21.0, )",
        "resolved": "1.21.0",
        "contentHash": "dv5+81Q1TBQvVMSOOOmRcjJmvWcX3BZPZsIq31+RLc5cNft0IHAyNlkdb7ZarOWG913PyBoFDsDXoCIlKmLclg=="
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "3/irtlSWXZ3eTi8N6nelI6L34NTB8ZJHpqVMNzZx2aX7Ek9YEQ34NoQW8/Tljrtmkg8KRhHW8hKTEzZaKV8PgA==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "uRaf4j+SmH3DumjSSSUbFg33BnsGZUyXGj93O9NgGKZSJN3OTmNmQDxRew+/KiVLcgH6qzbto8aNGZ++j9GFWg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "OPNPmt/lRyUKVYrFLQXVxyATqD3MKLc1iY1oKx1/2GppgmZxVZPwN12tekrQ4C7408kgB1L5JD1Wnirqqeb2kg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": "2.23.0"
+        }
      }
    },
-    "net10.0/linux-x64": {},
-    "net10.0/osx-arm64": {},
-    "net10.0/win-x64": {}
+    "net10.0/linux-x64": {
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      }
+    },
+    "net10.0/osx-arm64": {
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      }
+    },
+    "net10.0/win-x64": {
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      }
+    }
  }
 }
--- a/src/SharpEmu.Core/packages.lock.json
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.Core/packages.lock.json
@@ -8,17 +8,105 @@
        "resolved": "1.21.0",
        "contentHash": "dv5+81Q1TBQvVMSOOOmRcjJmvWcX3BZPZsIq31+RLc5cNft0IHAyNlkdb7ZarOWG913PyBoFDsDXoCIlKmLclg=="
      },
+      "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.1.6",
+        "contentHash": "jek4XYaQ/PGUwDKKhwR8K47Uh1189PFzMeLqO83mXrXQVIpARZCcfuDedH50YDTepBkfijCZN5U/vZi++erxtg=="
+      },
+      "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "9.0.9",
+        "contentHash": "fNGvKct2De8ghm0Bpfq0iWthtzIWabgOTi+gJhNOPhNJIowXNEUE2eZNW/zNCzrHVA3PXg2yZ+3cWZndC2IqYA=="
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Core": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "D7AT/nnwlB+4RZ84XY8QNGBZMJI5z9l4CSSETIJ1wCfRJzRt/341y3MRZ4HbnFz4r/IGaWOEZr86iE+0/65yyQ==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": "3.1.6",
+          "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": "9.0.9"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "UIs4sH57xlPUNHQ/1bt9rymPWlGy8IMDCNv86h0iM4TOA1CkIx0XM/n/tA4AReh1zQkNrvkxPEdZ3Blvy1dyXg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Ultz.Native.GLFW": "3.4.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Maths": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "r8PdIVzME8EH0qAgbmRPO87I4GfgR2j8TofT7EMuRJDf1QluoQwnVypDoFJjQ2ZBSRsGYk5unYxxogI05Ogsmw=="
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "ThStSinmY9KQI8DGiF5XEhkLJVnBcgRTBTzL9ijg1wMZAYuckz7ykrNw04fjRm2Gryh6tCNGbvz2XaY0efeFzg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Maths": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "aYBudKmENmvLRn9p15HbdvlQTnnXskcDfTfbYwSb/4fr263rGLwYuDw/txUEc2jihHJiWCp5+75Y7z5wTJWl7g==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.GLFW": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      },
      "sharpemu.hle": {
        "type": "Project"
      },
      "sharpemu.libs": {
        "type": "Project",
        "dependencies": {
-          "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )"
+          "SharpEmu.HLE": "[1.0.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "[2.23.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": "[2.23.0, )",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing": "[2.23.0, )"
        }
      },
      "sharpemu.logging": {
        "type": "Project"
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "3/irtlSWXZ3eTi8N6nelI6L34NTB8ZJHpqVMNzZx2aX7Ek9YEQ34NoQW8/Tljrtmkg8KRhHW8hKTEzZaKV8PgA==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "uRaf4j+SmH3DumjSSSUbFg33BnsGZUyXGj93O9NgGKZSJN3OTmNmQDxRew+/KiVLcgH6qzbto8aNGZ++j9GFWg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing": {
+        "type": "CentralTransitive",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "OPNPmt/lRyUKVYrFLQXVxyATqD3MKLc1iY1oKx1/2GppgmZxVZPwN12tekrQ4C7408kgB1L5JD1Wnirqqeb2kg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": "2.23.0"
+        }
      }
    }
  }
--- a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/SharpEmu.Libs.csproj
@@ -8,6 +8,12 @@ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
    <ProjectReference Include="..\SharpEmu.HLE\SharpEmu.HLE.csproj" />
  </ItemGroup>

+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Silk.NET.Windowing" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
  <PropertyGroup>
    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
  </PropertyGroup>
--- a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VideoOutExports.cs
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VideoOutExports.cs
@@ -292,6 +292,25 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
    public static int SubmitFlipFromAgc(CpuContext ctx, int handle, int bufferIndex, int flipMode, long flipArg) =>
        SubmitFlip(ctx, handle, bufferIndex, flipMode, flipArg);

+    internal static void SubmitHostRgbaFrame(ReadOnlySpan<byte> rgbaFrame, uint width, uint height)
+    {
+        if (rgbaFrame.Length != checked((int)(width * height * 4)))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var bgraFrame = new byte[rgbaFrame.Length];
+        for (var offset = 0; offset < rgbaFrame.Length; offset += 4)
+        {
+            bgraFrame[offset + 0] = rgbaFrame[offset + 2];
+            bgraFrame[offset + 1] = rgbaFrame[offset + 1];
+            bgraFrame[offset + 2] = rgbaFrame[offset + 0];
+            bgraFrame[offset + 3] = rgbaFrame[offset + 3];
+        }
+
+        VulkanVideoPresenter.Submit(bgraFrame, width, height);
+    }
+
    internal static bool TryGetDisplayBufferInfo(int handle, int bufferIndex, out DisplayBufferInfo info)
    {
        info = default;
@@ -608,7 +627,13 @@ public static class VideoOutExports
            flipEvents = new List<FlipEventRegistration>(port.FlipEvents);
        }

-        _ = TryDumpFrame(ctx, port, bufferIndex, flipMode, flipArg);
+        if (string.Equals(
+                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SHARPEMU_DUMP_VIDEOOUT"),
+                "1",
+                StringComparison.Ordinal))
+        {
+            _ = TryDumpFrame(ctx, port, bufferIndex, flipMode, flipArg);
+        }

        foreach (var flipEvent in flipEvents)
        {
--- a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.cs
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/VideoOut/VulkanVideoPresenter.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,702 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 SharpEmu Emulator Project
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+using Silk.NET.Core;
+using Silk.NET.Core.Native;
+using Silk.NET.Maths;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan;
+using Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR;
+using Silk.NET.Windowing;
+using VkBuffer = Silk.NET.Vulkan.Buffer;
+using VkSemaphore = Silk.NET.Vulkan.Semaphore;
+
+namespace SharpEmu.Libs.VideoOut;
+
+internal static unsafe class VulkanVideoPresenter
+{
+    private static readonly object _gate = new();
+    private static Thread? _thread;
+    private static byte[]? _latestFrame;
+    private static uint _latestWidth;
+    private static uint _latestHeight;
+    private static long _latestSequence;
+    private static bool _closed;
+
+    public static void Submit(byte[] bgraFrame, uint width, uint height)
+    {
+        if (bgraFrame.Length != checked((int)(width * height * 4)))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_closed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _latestFrame = bgraFrame;
+            _latestWidth = width;
+            _latestHeight = height;
+            _latestSequence++;
+            if (_thread is not null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _thread = new Thread(Run)
+            {
+                IsBackground = true,
+                Name = "SharpEmu Vulkan VideoOut",
+            };
+            _thread.Start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void Run()
+    {
+        uint width;
+        uint height;
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            width = _latestWidth;
+            height = _latestHeight;
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            using var presenter = new Presenter(width, height);
+            presenter.Run();
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception)
+        {
+            Console.Error.WriteLine($"[LOADER][ERROR] Vulkan VideoOut presenter failed: {exception.Message}");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock (_gate)
+            {
+                _closed = true;
+                _thread = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool TryTakeFrame(long presentedSequence, out Frame frame)
+    {
+        lock (_gate)
+        {
+            if (_latestFrame is null || _latestSequence == presentedSequence)
+            {
+                frame = default;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            frame = new Frame(_latestFrame, _latestWidth, _latestHeight, _latestSequence);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private readonly record struct Frame(byte[] Pixels, uint Width, uint Height, long Sequence);
+
+    private sealed class Presenter : IDisposable
+    {
+        private readonly IWindow _window;
+        private Vk _vk = null!;
+        private KhrSurface _surfaceApi = null!;
+        private KhrSwapchain _swapchainApi = null!;
+        private Instance _instance;
+        private SurfaceKHR _surface;
+        private PhysicalDevice _physicalDevice;
+        private Device _device;
+        private Queue _queue;
+        private uint _queueFamilyIndex;
+        private SwapchainKHR _swapchain;
+        private Image[] _swapchainImages = [];
+        private bool[] _imageInitialized = [];
+        private Format _swapchainFormat;
+        private Extent2D _extent;
+        private CommandPool _commandPool;
+        private CommandBuffer _commandBuffer;
+        private VkSemaphore _imageAvailable;
+        private VkSemaphore _renderFinished;
+        private VkBuffer _stagingBuffer;
+        private DeviceMemory _stagingMemory;
+        private ulong _stagingSize;
+        private long _presentedSequence;
+        private bool _vulkanReady;
+        private bool _firstFramePresented;
+
+        public Presenter(uint width, uint height)
+        {
+            var options = WindowOptions.DefaultVulkan;
+            options.Size = new Vector2D<int>((int)width, (int)height);
+            options.Title = "SharpEmu VideoOut";
+            options.WindowBorder = WindowBorder.Fixed;
+            options.VSync = true;
+            _window = Window.Create(options);
+            _window.Load += Initialize;
+            _window.Render += Render;
+            _window.Closing += DisposeVulkan;
+        }
+
+        public void Run() => _window.Run();
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            DisposeVulkan();
+            _window.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            _vk = Vk.GetApi();
+            CreateInstance();
+            CreateSurface();
+            SelectPhysicalDevice();
+            CreateDevice();
+            CreateSwapchain();
+            CreateCommandResources();
+            _vulkanReady = true;
+            Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                $"[LOADER][INFO] Vulkan VideoOut ready: {_extent.Width}x{_extent.Height}, format={_swapchainFormat}");
+        }
+
+        private void CreateInstance()
+        {
+            var applicationName = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("SharpEmu");
+            try
+            {
+                var applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.ApplicationInfo,
+                    PApplicationName = applicationName,
+                    ApplicationVersion = Vk.MakeVersion(0, 0, 1),
+                    PEngineName = applicationName,
+                    EngineVersion = Vk.MakeVersion(0, 0, 1),
+                    ApiVersion = Vk.Version12,
+                };
+
+                var extensions = _window.VkSurface!.GetRequiredExtensions(out var extensionCount);
+                var createInfo = new InstanceCreateInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.InstanceCreateInfo,
+                    PApplicationInfo = &applicationInfo,
+                    EnabledExtensionCount = extensionCount,
+                    PpEnabledExtensionNames = extensions,
+                };
+
+                Check(_vk.CreateInstance(&createInfo, null, out _instance), "vkCreateInstance");
+                if (!_vk.TryGetInstanceExtension(_instance, out _surfaceApi))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("VK_KHR_surface is unavailable.");
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                SilkMarshal.Free((nint)applicationName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CreateSurface()
+        {
+            var instanceHandle = new VkHandle(_instance.Handle);
+            var surfaceHandle = _window.VkSurface!.Create<AllocationCallbacks>(instanceHandle, null);
+            _surface = new SurfaceKHR(surfaceHandle.Handle);
+        }
+
+        private void SelectPhysicalDevice()
+        {
+            uint deviceCount = 0;
+            Check(_vk.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(_instance, &deviceCount, null), "vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices");
+            if (deviceCount == 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("No Vulkan physical device was found.");
+            }
+
+            var devices = new PhysicalDevice[deviceCount];
+            fixed (PhysicalDevice* devicePointer = devices)
+            {
+                Check(_vk.EnumeratePhysicalDevices(_instance, &deviceCount, devicePointer), "vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices");
+            }
+
+            foreach (var device in devices)
+            {
+                uint queueCount = 0;
+                _vk.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueCount, null);
+                var queues = new QueueFamilyProperties[queueCount];
+                fixed (QueueFamilyProperties* queuePointer = queues)
+                {
+                    _vk.GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueCount, queuePointer);
+                }
+
+                for (uint index = 0; index < queueCount; index++)
+                {
+                    var supportsGraphics = (queues[index].QueueFlags & QueueFlags.GraphicsBit) != 0;
+                    _surfaceApi.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupport(device, index, _surface, out var supportsPresent);
+                    if (!supportsGraphics || !supportsPresent)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    _physicalDevice = device;
+                    _queueFamilyIndex = index;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("No Vulkan graphics/present queue was found.");
+        }
+
+        private void CreateDevice()
+        {
+            var priority = 1.0f;
+            var queueInfo = new DeviceQueueCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.DeviceQueueCreateInfo,
+                QueueFamilyIndex = _queueFamilyIndex,
+                QueueCount = 1,
+                PQueuePriorities = &priority,
+            };
+
+            var swapchainExtension = (byte*)SilkMarshal.StringToPtr("VK_KHR_swapchain");
+            try
+            {
+                var createInfo = new DeviceCreateInfo
+                {
+                    SType = StructureType.DeviceCreateInfo,
+                    QueueCreateInfoCount = 1,
+                    PQueueCreateInfos = &queueInfo,
+                    EnabledExtensionCount = 1,
+                    PpEnabledExtensionNames = &swapchainExtension,
+                };
+
+                Check(_vk.CreateDevice(_physicalDevice, &createInfo, null, out _device), "vkCreateDevice");
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                SilkMarshal.Free((nint)swapchainExtension);
+            }
+
+            _vk.GetDeviceQueue(_device, _queueFamilyIndex, 0, out _queue);
+            if (!_vk.TryGetDeviceExtension(_instance, _device, out _swapchainApi))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("VK_KHR_swapchain is unavailable.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CreateSwapchain()
+        {
+            Check(
+                _surfaceApi.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilities(_physicalDevice, _surface, out var capabilities),
+                "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR");
+
+            uint formatCount = 0;
+            Check(
+                _surfaceApi.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormats(_physicalDevice, _surface, &formatCount, null),
+                "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR");
+            var formats = new SurfaceFormatKHR[formatCount];
+            fixed (SurfaceFormatKHR* formatPointer = formats)
+            {
+                Check(
+                    _surfaceApi.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormats(_physicalDevice, _surface, &formatCount, formatPointer),
+                    "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR");
+            }
+
+            var surfaceFormat = ChooseSurfaceFormat(formats);
+            _swapchainFormat = surfaceFormat.Format;
+            _extent = ChooseExtent(capabilities);
+            var imageCount = capabilities.MinImageCount + 1;
+            if (capabilities.MaxImageCount != 0)
+            {
+                imageCount = Math.Min(imageCount, capabilities.MaxImageCount);
+            }
+
+            var compositeAlpha = ChooseCompositeAlpha(capabilities.SupportedCompositeAlpha);
+            var createInfo = new SwapchainCreateInfoKHR
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.SwapchainCreateInfoKhr,
+                Surface = _surface,
+                MinImageCount = imageCount,
+                ImageFormat = surfaceFormat.Format,
+                ImageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.ColorSpace,
+                ImageExtent = _extent,
+                ImageArrayLayers = 1,
+                ImageUsage = ImageUsageFlags.TransferDstBit,
+                ImageSharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
+                PreTransform = capabilities.CurrentTransform,
+                CompositeAlpha = compositeAlpha,
+                PresentMode = PresentModeKHR.FifoKhr,
+                Clipped = true,
+            };
+
+            Check(_swapchainApi.CreateSwapchain(_device, &createInfo, null, out _swapchain), "vkCreateSwapchainKHR");
+
+            uint swapchainImageCount = 0;
+            Check(
+                _swapchainApi.GetSwapchainImages(_device, _swapchain, &swapchainImageCount, null),
+                "vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR");
+            _swapchainImages = new Image[swapchainImageCount];
+            fixed (Image* imagePointer = _swapchainImages)
+            {
+                Check(
+                    _swapchainApi.GetSwapchainImages(_device, _swapchain, &swapchainImageCount, imagePointer),
+                    "vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR");
+            }
+
+            _imageInitialized = new bool[swapchainImageCount];
+        }
+
+        private void CreateCommandResources()
+        {
+            var poolInfo = new CommandPoolCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.CommandPoolCreateInfo,
+                Flags = CommandPoolCreateFlags.ResetCommandBufferBit,
+                QueueFamilyIndex = _queueFamilyIndex,
+            };
+            Check(_vk.CreateCommandPool(_device, &poolInfo, null, out _commandPool), "vkCreateCommandPool");
+
+            var allocateInfo = new CommandBufferAllocateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.CommandBufferAllocateInfo,
+                CommandPool = _commandPool,
+                Level = CommandBufferLevel.Primary,
+                CommandBufferCount = 1,
+            };
+            Check(_vk.AllocateCommandBuffers(_device, &allocateInfo, out _commandBuffer), "vkAllocateCommandBuffers");
+
+            var semaphoreInfo = new SemaphoreCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.SemaphoreCreateInfo,
+            };
+            Check(_vk.CreateSemaphore(_device, &semaphoreInfo, null, out _imageAvailable), "vkCreateSemaphore");
+            Check(_vk.CreateSemaphore(_device, &semaphoreInfo, null, out _renderFinished), "vkCreateSemaphore");
+
+            CreateStagingBuffer((ulong)_extent.Width * _extent.Height * 4);
+        }
+
+        private void CreateStagingBuffer(ulong size)
+        {
+            var bufferInfo = new BufferCreateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.BufferCreateInfo,
+                Size = size,
+                Usage = BufferUsageFlags.TransferSrcBit,
+                SharingMode = SharingMode.Exclusive,
+            };
+            Check(_vk.CreateBuffer(_device, &bufferInfo, null, out _stagingBuffer), "vkCreateBuffer");
+
+            _vk.GetBufferMemoryRequirements(_device, _stagingBuffer, out var requirements);
+            var memoryInfo = new MemoryAllocateInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.MemoryAllocateInfo,
+                AllocationSize = requirements.Size,
+                MemoryTypeIndex = FindMemoryType(
+                    requirements.MemoryTypeBits,
+                    MemoryPropertyFlags.HostVisibleBit | MemoryPropertyFlags.HostCoherentBit),
+            };
+            Check(_vk.AllocateMemory(_device, &memoryInfo, null, out _stagingMemory), "vkAllocateMemory");
+            Check(_vk.BindBufferMemory(_device, _stagingBuffer, _stagingMemory, 0), "vkBindBufferMemory");
+            _stagingSize = size;
+        }
+
+        private uint FindMemoryType(uint typeBits, MemoryPropertyFlags requiredFlags)
+        {
+            _vk.GetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(_physicalDevice, out var properties);
+            var memoryTypes = &properties.MemoryTypes.Element0;
+            for (uint index = 0; index < properties.MemoryTypeCount; index++)
+            {
+                if ((typeBits & (1u << (int)index)) != 0 &&
+                    (memoryTypes[index].PropertyFlags & requiredFlags) == requiredFlags)
+                {
+                    return index;
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("No compatible Vulkan host-visible memory type was found.");
+        }
+
+        private void Render(double _)
+        {
+            if (!_vulkanReady || !TryTakeFrame(_presentedSequence, out var frame))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var pixels = frame.Width == _extent.Width && frame.Height == _extent.Height
+                ? frame.Pixels
+                : ScaleBgra(frame.Pixels, frame.Width, frame.Height, _extent.Width, _extent.Height);
+            if ((ulong)pixels.Length > _stagingSize)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            uint imageIndex;
+            Check(
+                _swapchainApi.AcquireNextImage(
+                    _device,
+                    _swapchain,
+                    ulong.MaxValue,
+                    _imageAvailable,
+                    default,
+                    &imageIndex),
+                "vkAcquireNextImageKHR");
+
+            void* mapped;
+            Check(
+                _vk.MapMemory(_device, _stagingMemory, 0, (ulong)pixels.Length, 0, &mapped),
+                "vkMapMemory");
+            fixed (byte* source = pixels)
+            {
+                System.Buffer.MemoryCopy(source, mapped, pixels.Length, pixels.Length);
+            }
+            _vk.UnmapMemory(_device, _stagingMemory);
+
+            Check(_vk.ResetCommandBuffer(_commandBuffer, 0), "vkResetCommandBuffer");
+            var beginInfo = new CommandBufferBeginInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.CommandBufferBeginInfo,
+                Flags = CommandBufferUsageFlags.OneTimeSubmitBit,
+            };
+            Check(_vk.BeginCommandBuffer(_commandBuffer, &beginInfo), "vkBeginCommandBuffer");
+
+            var oldLayout = _imageInitialized[imageIndex]
+                ? ImageLayout.PresentSrcKhr
+                : ImageLayout.Undefined;
+            var toTransfer = new ImageMemoryBarrier
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.ImageMemoryBarrier,
+                SrcAccessMask = _imageInitialized[imageIndex] ? AccessFlags.MemoryReadBit : 0,
+                DstAccessMask = AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit,
+                OldLayout = oldLayout,
+                NewLayout = ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                SrcQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                DstQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                Image = _swapchainImages[imageIndex],
+                SubresourceRange = ColorSubresourceRange(),
+            };
+            _vk.CmdPipelineBarrier(
+                _commandBuffer,
+                _imageInitialized[imageIndex] ? PipelineStageFlags.BottomOfPipeBit : PipelineStageFlags.TopOfPipeBit,
+                PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
+                0,
+                0,
+                null,
+                0,
+                null,
+                1,
+                &toTransfer);
+
+            var copyRegion = new BufferImageCopy
+            {
+                ImageSubresource = new ImageSubresourceLayers
+                {
+                    AspectMask = ImageAspectFlags.ColorBit,
+                    LayerCount = 1,
+                },
+                ImageExtent = new Extent3D(_extent.Width, _extent.Height, 1),
+            };
+            _vk.CmdCopyBufferToImage(
+                _commandBuffer,
+                _stagingBuffer,
+                _swapchainImages[imageIndex],
+                ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                1,
+                &copyRegion);
+
+            var toPresent = new ImageMemoryBarrier
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.ImageMemoryBarrier,
+                SrcAccessMask = AccessFlags.TransferWriteBit,
+                DstAccessMask = AccessFlags.MemoryReadBit,
+                OldLayout = ImageLayout.TransferDstOptimal,
+                NewLayout = ImageLayout.PresentSrcKhr,
+                SrcQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                DstQueueFamilyIndex = Vk.QueueFamilyIgnored,
+                Image = _swapchainImages[imageIndex],
+                SubresourceRange = ColorSubresourceRange(),
+            };
+            _vk.CmdPipelineBarrier(
+                _commandBuffer,
+                PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit,
+                PipelineStageFlags.BottomOfPipeBit,
+                0,
+                0,
+                null,
+                0,
+                null,
+                1,
+                &toPresent);
+            Check(_vk.EndCommandBuffer(_commandBuffer), "vkEndCommandBuffer");
+
+            var waitStage = PipelineStageFlags.TransferBit;
+            var imageAvailable = _imageAvailable;
+            var commandBuffer = _commandBuffer;
+            var renderFinished = _renderFinished;
+            var submitInfo = new SubmitInfo
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.SubmitInfo,
+                WaitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+                PWaitSemaphores = &imageAvailable,
+                PWaitDstStageMask = &waitStage,
+                CommandBufferCount = 1,
+                PCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer,
+                SignalSemaphoreCount = 1,
+                PSignalSemaphores = &renderFinished,
+            };
+            Check(_vk.QueueSubmit(_queue, 1, &submitInfo, default), "vkQueueSubmit");
+
+            var swapchain = _swapchain;
+            var presentInfo = new PresentInfoKHR
+            {
+                SType = StructureType.PresentInfoKhr,
+                WaitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+                PWaitSemaphores = &renderFinished,
+                SwapchainCount = 1,
+                PSwapchains = &swapchain,
+                PImageIndices = &imageIndex,
+            };
+            Check(_swapchainApi.QueuePresent(_queue, &presentInfo), "vkQueuePresentKHR");
+            Check(_vk.QueueWaitIdle(_queue), "vkQueueWaitIdle");
+            _imageInitialized[imageIndex] = true;
+            _presentedSequence = frame.Sequence;
+            if (!_firstFramePresented)
+            {
+                _firstFramePresented = true;
+                Console.Error.WriteLine(
+                    $"[LOADER][INFO] Vulkan VideoOut presented first guest frame: {frame.Width}x{frame.Height}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Extent2D ChooseExtent(SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities)
+        {
+            if (capabilities.CurrentExtent.Width != uint.MaxValue)
+            {
+                return capabilities.CurrentExtent;
+            }
+
+            var size = _window.FramebufferSize;
+            return new Extent2D(
+                Math.Clamp((uint)Math.Max(size.X, 1), capabilities.MinImageExtent.Width, capabilities.MaxImageExtent.Width),
+                Math.Clamp((uint)Math.Max(size.Y, 1), capabilities.MinImageExtent.Height, capabilities.MaxImageExtent.Height));
+        }
+
+        private static SurfaceFormatKHR ChooseSurfaceFormat(IReadOnlyList<SurfaceFormatKHR> formats)
+        {
+            foreach (var format in formats)
+            {
+                if (format.Format is Format.B8G8R8A8Srgb or Format.B8G8R8A8Unorm &&
+                    format.ColorSpace == ColorSpaceKHR.SpaceSrgbNonlinearKhr)
+                {
+                    return format;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return formats.Count > 0
+                ? formats[0]
+                : throw new InvalidOperationException("The Vulkan surface exposes no pixel formats.");
+        }
+
+        private static CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR ChooseCompositeAlpha(CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR supported)
+        {
+            foreach (var candidate in new[]
+                     {
+                         CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.OpaqueBitKhr,
+                         CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.PreMultipliedBitKhr,
+                         CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.PostMultipliedBitKhr,
+                         CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR.InheritBitKhr,
+                     })
+            {
+                if ((supported & candidate) != 0)
+                {
+                    return candidate;
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("The Vulkan surface exposes no composite alpha mode.");
+        }
+
+        private static ImageSubresourceRange ColorSubresourceRange() =>
+            new()
+            {
+                AspectMask = ImageAspectFlags.ColorBit,
+                LevelCount = 1,
+                LayerCount = 1,
+            };
+
+        private static byte[] ScaleBgra(byte[] source, uint sourceWidth, uint sourceHeight, uint width, uint height)
+        {
+            var destination = new byte[checked((int)(width * height * 4))];
+            for (uint y = 0; y < height; y++)
+            {
+                var sourceY = (uint)(((ulong)y * sourceHeight) / height);
+                for (uint x = 0; x < width; x++)
+                {
+                    var sourceX = (uint)(((ulong)x * sourceWidth) / width);
+                    var sourceOffset = checked((int)(((ulong)sourceY * sourceWidth + sourceX) * 4));
+                    var destinationOffset = checked((int)(((ulong)y * width + x) * 4));
+                    source.AsSpan(sourceOffset, 4).CopyTo(destination.AsSpan(destinationOffset, 4));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return destination;
+        }
+
+        private void DisposeVulkan()
+        {
+            if (!_vulkanReady)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            _vulkanReady = false;
+            _vk.DeviceWaitIdle(_device);
+            if (_stagingBuffer.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroyBuffer(_device, _stagingBuffer, null);
+            }
+            if (_stagingMemory.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _vk.FreeMemory(_device, _stagingMemory, null);
+            }
+            if (_imageAvailable.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroySemaphore(_device, _imageAvailable, null);
+            }
+            if (_renderFinished.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroySemaphore(_device, _renderFinished, null);
+            }
+            if (_commandPool.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroyCommandPool(_device, _commandPool, null);
+            }
+            if (_swapchain.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _swapchainApi.DestroySwapchain(_device, _swapchain, null);
+            }
+            if (_device.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroyDevice(_device, null);
+            }
+            if (_surface.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _surfaceApi.DestroySurface(_instance, _surface, null);
+            }
+            if (_instance.Handle != 0)
+            {
+                _vk.DestroyInstance(_instance, null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void Check(Result result, string operation)
+        {
+            if (result != Result.Success)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"{operation} failed with {result}.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
--- a/src/SharpEmu.Libs/packages.lock.json
+++ b/src/SharpEmu.Libs/packages.lock.json
@@ -2,6 +2,91 @@
  "version": 2,
  "dependencies": {
    "net10.0": {
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan": {
+        "type": "Direct",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "3/irtlSWXZ3eTi8N6nelI6L34NTB8ZJHpqVMNzZx2aX7Ek9YEQ34NoQW8/Tljrtmkg8KRhHW8hKTEzZaKV8PgA==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Vulkan.Extensions.KHR": {
+        "type": "Direct",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "uRaf4j+SmH3DumjSSSUbFg33BnsGZUyXGj93O9NgGKZSJN3OTmNmQDxRew+/KiVLcgH6qzbto8aNGZ++j9GFWg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Vulkan": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing": {
+        "type": "Direct",
+        "requested": "[2.23.0, )",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "OPNPmt/lRyUKVYrFLQXVxyATqD3MKLc1iY1oKx1/2GppgmZxVZPwN12tekrQ4C7408kgB1L5JD1Wnirqqeb2kg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.1.6",
+        "contentHash": "jek4XYaQ/PGUwDKKhwR8K47Uh1189PFzMeLqO83mXrXQVIpARZCcfuDedH50YDTepBkfijCZN5U/vZi++erxtg=="
+      },
+      "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "9.0.9",
+        "contentHash": "fNGvKct2De8ghm0Bpfq0iWthtzIWabgOTi+gJhNOPhNJIowXNEUE2eZNW/zNCzrHVA3PXg2yZ+3cWZndC2IqYA=="
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Core": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "D7AT/nnwlB+4RZ84XY8QNGBZMJI5z9l4CSSETIJ1wCfRJzRt/341y3MRZ4HbnFz4r/IGaWOEZr86iE+0/65yyQ==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Microsoft.DotNet.PlatformAbstractions": "3.1.6",
+          "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": "9.0.9"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "UIs4sH57xlPUNHQ/1bt9rymPWlGy8IMDCNv86h0iM4TOA1CkIx0XM/n/tA4AReh1zQkNrvkxPEdZ3Blvy1dyXg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Ultz.Native.GLFW": "3.4.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Maths": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "r8PdIVzME8EH0qAgbmRPO87I4GfgR2j8TofT7EMuRJDf1QluoQwnVypDoFJjQ2ZBSRsGYk5unYxxogI05Ogsmw=="
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "ThStSinmY9KQI8DGiF5XEhkLJVnBcgRTBTzL9ijg1wMZAYuckz7ykrNw04fjRm2Gryh6tCNGbvz2XaY0efeFzg==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.Core": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Maths": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Silk.NET.Windowing.Glfw": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "2.23.0",
+        "contentHash": "aYBudKmENmvLRn9p15HbdvlQTnnXskcDfTfbYwSb/4fr263rGLwYuDw/txUEc2jihHJiWCp5+75Y7z5wTJWl7g==",
+        "dependencies": {
+          "Silk.NET.GLFW": "2.23.0",
+          "Silk.NET.Windowing.Common": "2.23.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "Ultz.Native.GLFW": {
+        "type": "Transitive",
+        "resolved": "3.4.0",
+        "contentHash": "Iy22JopynbOJ32vA0lBhFEzGi65GQJBuJHYBYRBpydrDpNoTiHnjIXfA65Gu+8qsOr/ZEoIF8r9aHCgAXuO6DA=="
+      },
      "sharpemu.hle": {
        "type": "Project"
      }